The South Brisbane Dry Dock is heritage listed and forms a significant element of the Museum displays. Commenced in 1876, the dock as completed was 313ft (95.4m) long and 60ft (18.3m) wide. In 1887 the dock was extended to 430ft (131.1m) due the increasing size of vessels.

The strategic significance of the dock came to the fore during World War 2 when the Port of Brisbane served as a major Allied base. 47 RAN vessels and 94 US Navy vessels (including over 50 submarines) were serviced in the dock during the period 1939 to 1945. The opening of the larger Cairncross Dock in 1944 resulted in the gradual decline in activity at the South Brisbane Dry Dock.

Two of the Museum's significant displays, ex HMAS Diamantina and the Light Ship CLS 2 Carpentaria are now on display in the Dry Dock.

Access to the floor of the Dry Dock is possible, but is restricted to guided tours only. Tours are conducted daily, but are subject to the availability of guides. Contact the Museum (phone 07 3844 5361 or email) or check at reception for tour availability. Extra charges apply - see Admission Tickets for details.